Category: Genetics and Plant Breeding Definitions A to Z
Q – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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Q banding: A chromosomal staining technique using the fluorescence dyequinacrin mustard; under UV light a characteristic light and dark banding isinduced Q matrix: A Q value indicates the likelihood that an individual belongs to a given putative homogeneous cluster/group present in a population. QPM. Quality Protein Maize. QTL analysis: QTL detection, mapping, and fine mapping. QTL confidence intervalThe genomic […]
P – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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P. A shorthand to designate parental generations in crosses. P1, P2, P3,……. First, second, third, etc. generations from a parent; also used to designatedifferent parents used in making a hybrid or series of hybrids. P1 also refers to theimmediate parents of a first filial generation or F1. Pachytene. The four-strand stage of meiosis during which crossing […]
O – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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Ochre Codon. One of the stop codons, UAA. Ocimene. A volatile terpene found in certain legumes. Its amount varies among clones,and thus ocimene content may be altered by breeding, suggesting that clones withimproved attractiveness for honeybee visitation could be developed. Octad. A group of eight ascospores contained in an ascus. It is produced in species inwhich the tetrad normally undergoes […]
N – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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Nanotechnology. A technology to direct the assembly of highly structured materials withspecific nanoscale features (as in DNA) for material purposes. It presents a newchapter in the history of the molecule. Narrow Genetic Base. Having little genetic variation as in an inbred line. National Agricultural Policy (2001). A policy related to rejuvenation of Indianagricultural economy. The document is a […]
M – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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M. A general term for mutagenic treatment. M0 refers to the parent material likely to bemutagenized. M1, M2, M3,…are symbols used to designate first, second, third, etc.generations after treatment with a mutagenic agent. M2 is often assumed to beanalogous to F2 generation so far as segregation events and relative degree of geneticvariability is concerned. However, M1 […]
L – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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Laggards. Chromosomes or pairing configurations that show slow movement or nomovement at all during nuclear division (anaphase). Such chromosomes may not beincluded in one of the daughter nuclei giving rise to aneuploidy. Lagging Strand. The strand of the DNA double helix that is synthesized by the ligationof short fragments synthesized individually in the 5 to 3 direction during DNAreplication. […]
K – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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Karyogamy. The fusion of nuclei of male and female gametes. It is the ultimate event(culmination) of fertilization. The result of the karyogamy is the zygote. Karyokinesis. The division of nucleus; the nuclear division (mitosis). Karyolymph. The karyoplasm; nucleoplsm. Karyotype. The whole group of characteristics that allow identification of a particularchromosome set, for example, the number, relative size, position of centromere,length […]
J – Genetics and Plant breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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Japonica Rice. The temperate ecotypes of rice, characterized by more leaves, fewertillers, relatively shattering resistance, and having broad and short grains with loweramylose content. Javanica Rice. An intermediate (between indica and japonica types) type of rice selectedfrom tropical varieties in Indonesia. This type is characteristically tall, thick culmed,low tillering, resistant to shattering, and have broad stiff leaves, long awns and largebold grains. Also […]
I – Genetics and Plant Breeding Pointers
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27 Jun, 2026
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Identical by descent: Two genes that are identical in nucleotide sequencebecause they are both Identical by descentThe copies of an allele of a gene present in two individuals/lines originated by replication of the same ancestral copy of the allele. Identity preservation: The segregation of one crop type from another at everystage from production and processing to distribution. […]
H – Genetics and Plant Breeding definitions
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27 Jun, 2026
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H4 (Patel 1971). The first commercial hybrid of cotton in the world. It was developed atCotton Research Station, Surat (India) by crossing two upland cotton (G. hirsutum L.)varieties namely ‘Gujrat 67’ and ‘American Nectariless’. The commercial seedproduction was performed manually. Habitat. That place inhabited by a population, species, or a group of species. Haldane mapping function: It corrects recombination frequencies […]